Controlled synthesis of ultra-long vertically aligned BaTiO 3 nanowire arrays for sensing and energy harvesting applications

A novel approach for the synthesis of ultra-long (up to ∼45 μ m) vertically aligned barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ) nanowire (NW) arrays on an oxidized Ti substrate is developed. The fabrication method uses a two-step hydrothermal reaction that firstly, involves the growth of ultra-long aligned sodium titanate NW arrays and secondly, involves the transfer of these precursor sodium titanate NW arrays to BaTiO 3 NW arrays while retaining the shape of the template nanowires. The ion-exchange during the second hydrothermal reaction in barium hydroxide solution results in the structural transformation from single-crystal sodium titanate NW arrays to BaTiO 3 NW arrays. This synthesis approach is low-cost, scalable, and enables control over the morphology and aspect ratio of the resulting BaTiO 3 NW arrays by tuning the hydrothermal reaction parameters. In addition to the synthesis methods reported here, the energy harvesting behavior of the BaTiO...

Aneesh Koka, Zhi Zhou, Haixiong Tang and Henry A Sodano

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